3.7 Jurisdiction of Quasi-Judicial Bodies

Nepal has no separate system of administrative courts: administrative justice flows through four channels — Specialized courts and tribunals (Art 152): the Special Court, the Labour Court (labour disputes under the Labour Act's machinery), the Debt Recovery Tribunal (the banks' recovery actions), the Revenue Tribunal (the tax appeals) — the administrative state's own adjudicators; Departmental/quasi-judicial bodies: the Chief District Officer's licensing-and-order functions, customs and revenue adjudication, the CIAA's investigative-accusatorial powers, professional disciplinary bodies; The Judicial Committees (Art 217) at the local level; The ordinary courts' supervision — appeal/revision from the tribunals and bodies (Art 151), and the writs (Arts 133, 144) against administrative action. The disciplines binding them all: natural justice (nemo judex in causa sua, audi alteram partem — the Parsuram Banjade line, Unit 2), reasoned decisions, jurisdiction-fidelity (the excess quashed), and the courts' power to correct — the quasi-judicial periphery remains under the judicial constitution. The judicial vs quasi-judicial contrast (the table): Point Judicial Quasi-judicial Organ Court (the constitutional judiciary) Administrative body/tribunal Source of power The Constitution-and-codes' jurisdiction The statute's delegation Procedure Full trial (the codes) The statutory summary (the natural-justice floor) Decision- makers Tenured judges Officials/administrators (the expertise) Supervision The appeal ladder The certiorari-and-mandamus review (the writs); the statutory appeals Exam Focus Long questions: "Define jurisdiction. What are its kinds and sources? Can parties confer it by…