11.3 Aggression

Definition (GA Resolution 3314 (XXIX), 1974): the use of armed force by a State against the sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence of another State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Charter — Article 3's illustrative list: invasion/attack; bombardment; blockade; attack on the armed forces; use of territory placed at an aggressor's disposal; the sending of armed bands or mercenaries (the Nicaragua "effective control" test's home). First use as evidence (a rebuttable presumption); the Security Council's determination role (Article 39). The Rome Statute's Kampala definition (2010): the crime of aggression as an individual leadership crime — the planner's and leader's liability — braided with the state definition.