State the exceptions to flag-state jurisdiction on the high seas.

The foundational form: full and exclusive jurisdiction over the territory (land, internal waters, airspace) — the state's law and courts govern all persons and events within, nationals and aliens alike. The refinements: Subjective territoriality: acts begun within the territory; Objective territoriality: acts completed or producing effects within — the bullet fired from abroad killing inside; the cross-border fraud; the Lotus' own facts (the high-seas collision whose effects — deaths, damage — entered Turkey's jurisdiction, the PCIJ accepting the objective link); The flag-state fiction — vessels and aircraft as floating/flying territory (with the law of the sea's corrections below); The quasi-territorial settings and their traps: embassies are inviolable but not the sending state's territory (the perennial exam trap); occupied territory (the occupant's functional authority); artificial islands (no territorial sea of their own).