List the ways a parliamentary seat falls vacant.

Terms Article 84 — the numbers to memorise: the HoR has 275 members — 165 elected by first- past-the-post from single-member constituencies + 110 by proportional representation (the whole country one constituency, closed party lists with the mandated inclusion groups: women, Dalit, Adivasi Janajati, Khas Arya, Madhesi, Tharu, Muslim, backward regions — plus disability representation). Voting age 18; candidacy from any constituency (one only); and the one-third women's rule (Article 84(8)): each party's total membership must be at least one-third women, topped up through the PR list. Terms of office: the HoR's term is 5 years (Article 85(1)), extendable up to one year in emergency, with the extended term ending within six months of the emergency's end (85(2)–(3)). Membership rules: qualifications — citizen; 25 years; no moral-turpitude conviction; no office of profit; no dual-house membership (Article 87); oath before participating (88). Vacation of seat (Article 89): resignation; disqualification; term expiry; absence from 10 consecutive meetings without notice; party-expulsion notification; death. Disqualification is decided finally by the Constitutional Bench of the Supreme Court (Article 90) — the judiciary as the referee of membership. Officers (Article 91): the Speaker and Deputy Speaker, elected from among members within 15 days of the first meeting — one of them a woman and (where parties exist) of different parties; removal only by a two-thirds resolution…