11.2 Composition of the National Assembly and Members' Terms

Article 86 — the permanent, staggered house: 59 members: 56 elected by an electoral college of provincial assembly members plus village/municipal chairs and deputy chairs (weighted votes) — 8 per province, each provincial contingent including at least 3 women, 1 Dalit, and 1 disabled-or-minority member; 3 nominated by the President on the government's recommendation, including at least one woman. Terms: 6 years, with one-third retiring every two years (the lottery cycle — Article 86(3)); the NA is never dissolved — the staggered retirement makes it permanent, the federal chamber's design logic (continuity + provincial representation). Qualifications mirror the HoR but with a 35-year minimum age (Article 87); officers — the Chairperson and Vice-Chairperson in the Speaker pattern (Article 92), including the one-a-woman rule. The HoR–NA asymmetry (the analytic paragraph): the HoR's three superiorities — finance bills originate only there (Article 110), only it elects and dismisses the government (the confidence machinery), and its numbers override NA rejection (Article 111) — while the NA's role is revision, second thought and the provinces' voice. Bicameralism, Nepali style: strong lower house, real but bounded upper house.