11.3 Functions of Legislature

Legislative: the law-making monopoly within its schedules (Article 109). The procedure (Articles 110–113): bills in either House except finance bills (HoR only — taxes, consolidated-fund matters, loans and guarantees; the Speaker decides finance-bill status finally); security-force bills (Army, Police, Armed Police) only as government bills; the NA's windows — 15 days for finance bills, 2 months for others — after which the HoR may pass by majority of existing members; deadlocks go to joint sittings; the President certifies within 15 days, with a one-time return possible (not for finance bills); bills pending at session's end carry over; bills die if the HoR is dissolved; withdrawal by the mover with House approval (112); Financial: no tax or loan except by law (Article 115); the Federal Consolidated Fund and charged expenditures (116–118); the annual estimates laid before a joint sitting on 15 Jestha (119); appropriation, supplementary estimates, votes-on-account (up to one-third of the estimate) and votes-of-credit in emergency (120–123); the Federal Contingency Fund (124) — the budget's constitutional choreography; Constituent/amending: the constitutional-amendment machinery (Article 274's two-thirds process — Unit 16); Electoral and confirmatory: the presidential electoral college (Article 62); the parliamentary- hearing function for constitutional appointments; treaty ratification (Article 279 — two-thirds of both houses for the grave classes); Deliberative and accountability: questions, debates, oversight (Section 11.7); judicial- adjacent functions: impeachment (Article…