Write short notes on (c) National Natural Resources and Fiscal Commission

Meaning: a federal system divides constitutional power between a general (federal) government and regional governments (states/provinces), each constitutionally guaranteed its own sphere: neither level may unilaterally destroy the other; the division is policed (usually by a supreme court); and each level operates directly on citizens within its sphere. Types of federalism (name each with one exemplar): Coming-together vs. holding-together (Stepan's typology — the exam's best analytic pair): coming-together federations aggregate pre-existing sovereign units by compact (USA 1787, Switzerland, Australia — strong state sovereignty, equal representation); holding-together federations devolve power from a unitary state to keep diversity within one polity (India 1950, Spain, Belgium, Nepal 2015 — centre-heavy tilt, units created by the centre itself). Dual federalism — two watertight spheres, minimal cooperation (the US 19th-century model). Cooperative federalism — levels as partners: shared programmes, intergovernmental forums (the modern norm; Nepal's design). Competitive federalism — levels compete for investment and credit. Coercive/centralised federalism — federal conditions and fiscal leverage dominate (a live analytical lens in India; the risk any poor federation faces). Symmetric vs. asymmetric — all units equal vs. special status for particular units (India's special arrangements; Nepal's constitutional possibility of special, protected and autonomous regions for socio-cultural protection or economic development by federal law — Article 56(5)).