3.4 Exceptions to the Rule "No Consideration, No Contract"

The classical rule's recognized exceptions (the list the examiner wants): Natural love and affection: the written-and-registered promise made for natural love between parties in near relation — the family promise's enforceability without price; Compensation for past voluntary services: the promise to compensate a person who has already voluntarily done something for the promisor — the gratitude-debt made enforceable; Promise to pay a time-barred debt: the written acknowledgment/enhancement — the fresh promise reviving the unenforceable obligation; Completed gifts: the gift made and delivered — no consideration needed (the donative transfer's own chapter in the Code); Agency and charity subscriptions: the relied-upon public subscriptions (the doctrine's borders); The Code 2074's wider door: the gratuitous contracts' recognition (the gift chapter) — the exceptions absorbed into the Code's design (Unit 1's doctrinal shift); Promissory estoppel (the equity's face): the promise relied-upon enforceable against the promisor who resiles — despite no consideration (the requirements: a clear promise; the reliance; the detriment; the inequity of resiling — the government's-and-public-authorities' tender-reliance cases as the practice's home; the limits: not a cause of action by itself in the classic form; the statutory duty's non-estoppel).