7.5 Conditions for Invalidating Adoption

The annulment grounds (defects existing at the adoption's making): Consent defects: fraud, coercion or misrepresentation in any consent — the birth parents', the spouse's, the child's; Conditions violated: the age-and-relationship bars; the consent absences; the adoptability's falsity (the child not actually orphaned/abandoned — the fabricated-orphan pathology of the scandal era); Immoral purpose: the trafficking-or-labour adoptions — void AND criminal; Procedural defects: the deed's forgery, the registration's fraud; The limitation windows: annulment petitions within the statutory period from knowledge — stale challenges barred for the status's stability; The innocent child protected on annulment: maintenance and care arrangements made by the court — the child not penalized for the adults' defects (the recurring principle of Unit 5).