7.6 Process and Legal Adoption by Foreigners

The domestic process (the Code's registration regime): Application to the local level (ward office) for the relatives' and ordinary adoptions: the deed of adoption executed and registered; identity-and-consent documents; the child's registration in the adoptive name (the birth-certificate reissue — the identity's legal rebirth); The institutional route for orphaned and abandoned children: the child-care home's certification, the matching-and-suitability machinery, the child-welfare authority's approval, and the court's confirmation where the statute requires. Inter-country adoption (foreigners adopting Nepali children): The framework: the Children's Act 2075's inter-country chapter — the last-resort principle (domestic placement first, the CRC-and-Hague logic); the Central Authority mechanism (the Council's-and-Committee's machinery for foreign adoptions); adoptability certification and matching before any foreign couple is considered; the follow-up-and-reporting obligations (the receiving country's progress reports, the post-adoption monitoring); The foreigners' eligibility-and-documentation: the foreign country's clearance (home study, no-objection from the receiving state's authority), Nepal's approval machinery, the visa- and-immigration follow-through — the foreign adoption valid in Nepal only through this channel (a private "adoption deed" with a Nepali child confers nothing); The history's lesson (the governance paragraph): the orphanage-industry scandals — the conflict-era and post-earthquake adoptions' irregularities (child trafficking, fabricated orphan findings) → the moratorium era → the restrictive reopening: Nepal's cautionary institutional story; The Hague gap: Nepal is not a party to the Hague Intercountry Adoption Convention — the standards partially…