2.7 General Emergency

The constitutional frame: emergency's proclamation (the President on the Council of Ministers's recommendation, parliamentary approval's discipline) for war, external aggression or armed revolt; The media's emergency position: fundamental rights' suspension questions — the honest doctrine: the emergency's text must be read with the no-prior-censorship principle's claim (no blanket censorship power implied); The history's lesson: 1960 and 2005 — the royal coups' censorship impositions (the 2005 post-coup era: the newsroom's self-censorship, the FM news ban) and the judiciary's press- restoration jurisprudence after; The modern discipline: emergency's proportionality — restrictions to the emergency's actual needs, judicially reviewable (the remedy survives the emergency). Exam Focus Long questions: (i) The Article 17(2)(a) + Article 19 pairing — the individual and institutional distinction (the examiner's favourite); (ii) Right to information + right to privacy — the media's two constitutional edges and their tension; (iii) Reasonable restrictions + the proportionality method + the writ remedies. Short questions: prior censorship's bar; the RTI machinery's five parts; the fair-report privilege; the 2005 censorship; Working Journalists Act 2051. Trick areas: (i) Article 17 protects the citizen's expression; Article 19 protects the press institution — quote both, distinguish them; (ii) The restrictions must be by law and proportionate — a bare "public order" invocation without the method earns little; (iii) The RTI's exemption list is where Unit 6's classified information…