5.3 Ownership of Copyright

First ownership — the author: the creator's first title (the photographer owns the photo; the writer the text); The employment face (journalism's core): the staff journalist's work made in employment — the employer/publisher's ownership under the employment contract's ordinary reading (the newspaper's copyright in its reporter's stories); the commissioned work resolved by the commissioning agreement; Film and sound: the producer's ownership (the film's bundle) with the contributors' (director, composer, lyricist) coexisting rights; Assignment and licence: the transfer machinery — the written assignment; the licence's grant (exclusive vs. non-exclusive; territorial and duration limits) — the syndication world (the news agency's licence to its subscribers); Moral rights: the author's personal rights — paternity (the name's attribution) and integrity (the work's non-distortion) — surviving the economic transfer; the plagiarism's moral face (the credit stolen even where the copying is "licensed"); The collective faces: the collecting societies (the music public-performance royalty machinery); the orphan-works problem (the owner unfindable — the use's dilemma).