5.5 Infringement of Copyright, Liabilities and Defenses

The infringement's core: the unauthorized exercise of the exclusive rights: Reproduction (the copy — print or digital); Distribution (the copies' circulation); Public performance and display (the screening, the broadcast); Adaptation (the derivative — the translation, the film from the book); Communication to the public (the digital transmission — the stream, the upload). The media's infringement world: the news-copying (the competitor's story lifted — the aggregation's snippets and headlines debate); the photo and video (the unlicensed image — the social-media embed's complexity); the music and film (the broadcast without licence; the OTT piracy ecosystem); the software (the newsroom's unlicensed tools). The liabilities: Civil: damages and injunction (the court's stop-order and compensation; the account of profits); Criminal: the Act's fine-and-imprisonment for the knowing, commercial-scale piracy (the criminal face reserved for the serious); Secondary liability: the contributory and vicarious faces — the platform and the printer who know and profit from the infringement (the intermediary questions of Unit 3.6). The defenses (the answer's list): the exceptions of 5.4 (fair dealing — research, review, news); the independent creation (the work created separately, not copied — the no-access proof); the public domain and expiry; the licence's proof (the permission granted); the de minimis; the parallel-importation faces. Exam Focus Long questions: (i) Copyright's definition with the idea-expression divide and the automaticity (the news's free facts is…