Discuss (c) Montesquieu's warning

The doctrine: the administration under law, not under men — government by rules, not by whims. The classic formulation (Dicey's trio): The supremacy of law: no punishment except for a breach of law established in the ordinary courts — no arbitrary power; Equality before the law: everyone — official and citizen alike — subject to the same ordinary courts and the same law; The constitution as the law's result: rights protected by the courts' ordinary jurisdiction, not by declarations alone. The modern expansions: legality (every power needs statutory authority — no act without a source); the non-arbitrariness command (equality's administrative face); access to justice (the review's availability); procedural fairness (natural justice — Unit 5). The Nepal face: the Constitution 2072's supremacy clause (Article 1: any law inconsistent void) + the rights catalogue + the writ jurisdiction (Articles 133/144) — the rule of law as constitutional text, administered through administrative law's machinery (the ultra vires rule, the hearing rights, the reasoned orders). The comparative core — rule of law vs. droit administratif (the exam's favourite): Diceyan (English) model French droit administratif One system of ordinary courts for all Separate administrative courts (the Conseil d'Etat at the crown) Officials equal before ordinary law Administrators judged by administrative courts Rights from the courts' ordinary work Rights from the administrative law's own jurisprudence Distrust…