4.4 Control over Delegated Legislation

4.4.1 Parliamentary Control The laying: the rules tabled before parliament — the laying designs (the notification laying; the annulment laying: the rule void unless approved, or the rule effective until annulled); The committees: the delegated-legislation scrutiny function within the parliamentary committee system (the bills and accountability committees' review of the rules' legality and propriety); Questions, debates, and the amendment-or-annulment powers where the parent act provides; The Nepali practice: the laying requirements' presence in the acts; the committees' growing (if still uneven) scrutiny — the honest assessment: the parliamentary control exists in design, sleeps in practice. 4.4.2 Judicial Control The courts' checks (the writ jurisdiction — Articles 133/144): Ultra vires the parent act: the rule beyond the delegation — void; Unconstitutional: the parent act's or the rule's constitutional breach — void (Article 1); Procedural failure: the consultation-and-publication requirements' breach; The sub-delegation's invalidity (4.1); The abuse doctrines: the unreasonable rule, the bad-faith rule — the review's grounds (Unit 7) applied to instruments; The presumptions' discipline: the rule presumed valid until challenged; the reading-down preference (the court saving the rule by the narrower construction before striking). 4.4.3 Procedural and Other Mechanisms The consultation requirements: the affected parties and advisory committees heard before the rule (the participation discipline); The approval layer: the minister's or the government's sanction on the instrument (the internal check); The…