(10) How is administrative adjudication controlled?

Judicial Bodies Meaning: the quasi-judicial body is the administrative organ exercising the judicial function — deciding disputes, determining rights, by an administrative authority (the tribunal, the department, the committee) under the duty to act judicially (Unit 3's classification). Nature: the hybrid — the judicial function in the administrative setting: the dispute-deciding power with the administrative apparatus's speed and specialization; bound by natural justice (Unit 5); reviewable by the courts (6.4). Structure (the Nepali catalogue): The specialized tribunals: the Administrative Court (the service-and-administration disputes); the Revenue Tribunal (the tax appeals); the Debt Recovery Tribunal (the banks' claims); The departmental adjudicators: the Revenue Offices (assessments, penalties); the Forest Offices; the Company Registrar's decisions; the Land Reform Offices — the departments deciding their own regimes' disputes; The local layer: the Judicial Committees (Article 217 — the Deputy Mayor convening; the minor family-and-civil disputes, the mediation stream); The commissions with adjudicative powers: the NIC's information appeals (LAW 307's companion), the CIAA's complaints machinery (Unit 8). Functions: dispute-deciding within the specialized regime — the rights' determinations (licence, tax, service, land, information) that the regular courts' general procedure handles too slowly for the regime's needs. Procedures (the typical anatomy): The complaint's or application's filing; The notice to the parties (the hearing's commencement); The evidence's taking — documents, witnesses (the simplified court-like forms); The hearing — representation,…