6.4 Control over Administrative Adjudication

The tribunals' freedom is not independence from the law — the controls' architecture: The constitutional ceiling: the judicial power's unity under the Supreme Court (the tribunals cannot oust the courts' jurisdiction — the constitution's guarantee); Article 133/144's writ reach INTO the tribunals (the tribunal's decision reviewable — the supremacy preserved); The judicial control's grounds: the natural-justice breach (Unit 5 — the classic certiorari); the jurisdictional error (the tribunal beyond its grant); the error of law apparent; the perverse finding (the evidence's defiance); The appeal's architecture: the statutory appeal routes (the tribunal → the court designs; the departmental appeal layers) — the built-in upward path; The natural-justice mandatory floor (Unit 5): the openness, fairness, impartiality, accessibility and professionalism of the adjudicative office — the duty to act judicially's content; The supervisory overlay: the Supreme Court's role (Unit 9) — the tribunals' jurisprudence harmonized through the review; the tribunal as the specialized FIRST forum, never the LAST word. The exam's balanced paragraph: the tribunal system buys expertise and speed at the price of impartiality's risk — the price is acceptable ONLY because the writ jurisdiction and the appeal routes keep the regular courts' supervision overhead; administrative adjudication as the specialized servant, never the sovereign. Exam Focus Long questions: (i) The quasi-judicial bodies — meaning, nature, structure, functions, procedure (the five syllabus heads…