11.2 Role of the EEC in the Field of International Trade Law

The customs union's demonstration: the EEC proved the Article XXIV GATT model (the FTAs-and-customs-unions' cover) — the largest-and-deepest example (the common external tariff; the common commercial policy: the Commission as the SOLE trade negotiator for the community — the unitary actor's novelty); The preferential system's architecture: the association-and-preference regimes — the Yaoundé-and-Lomé Conventions with the African-Caribbean-Pacific states (the non-reciprocal preferences' pioneering — the model the EU's later EBA extended: the LDCs' duty-free-quota- free access, Nepal's own export route); the Mediterranean-and-European agreements; the GSP's own scheme; The trade-policy instruments' development: the antidumping-and-countervailing practice (the world's heaviest user); the common agricultural policy's trade faces; the safeguard-and- surveillance tools — the commercial-policy law's body the WTO world then disciplined; The single market's external effects: the standards' harmonisation (the product rules the exporters must meet — the "Brussels effect" of the single market's rules becoming global defaults); the mutual-recognition jurisprudence (the Cassis de Dijon lore); The WTO era's partnership: the EU as the WTO's co-architect (the Uruguay Round's leader with the US); the disputes' heavyweight (the beef-hormones-and-others' jurisprudence); the FTA network's recent builder (the CETA-and-others' "next-generation" agreements). The role's summary (the exam's paragraph): the EEC transformed the trade law from the tariff deals to the INTEGRATION model — the customs union-and-common market as the Article XXIV's deepest expression; the common commercial policy's unitary novelty;…