Discuss (c) the defect's proof

The historical absence: the Muluki Ain's world had no general tort chapter — the wrongs lived inside the criminal-and-property provisions; the tort thinking arrived through the courts' compensation jurisprudence and the academic borrowing. The modern layers (the practice's map): The Muluki Civil Code (Muluki Dewani Samhita), 2074 — the arrival of the codified private-law wrongs: the Code's tort chapter (the dushkriti — wrongdoing — provisions) codifying the compensation claims for the bodily harm, the property damage, the defamation, the unauthorized entry, the defective goods — Nepal's first general tort framework; The constitutional layer — the rights' violations and the compensation jurisdiction (the writ courts' compensation orders — the custodial-and-torture jurisprudence; Article 133's practice); The statutory tort faces — the consumer protection (the CPA 2075), the environmental compensation, the labour injury schemes, the road-and-insurance faces; The procedure — the Civil Procedure Code 2074's machinery (the plaint, the interim orders, the execution); The honest audit: the tort culture's youth — the damages' timidity, the insurance's thinness, the doctrine's undeveloped state; the classroom's candid note. 2.2 Actions that Amount to Tort under the Muluki Civil Code, 2074 B.S. The Code's tort catalogue (the syllabus's own map — the provisions' substance): The general wrong: the unlawful act causing harm to another's body, property, reputation or mind — the compensation duty (the Code's general tort…