4.1 Entering Certain Business and Professions without License

The wrong: the licensed activity's unlicensed practice — the business or profession the law reserves to the licensed (the health professions, the legal practice, the banking, the transport, the liquor, the pharmaceutical trade) practiced WITHOUT the license. The tort's faces: (i) the competitor's-and-public's harm (the unfair undercut by the unlicensed; the safety's risk); (ii) the statutory penalties (the licensing law's own sanctions — the fines, the closure, the criminal faces); (iii) the civil liability (the unlicensed practice's tort — the "unauthorized practice" claims where the law provides). The Nepali faces: the licensing regimes (the professional councils — Unit 5; the sectoral licenses — the banking, the food, the medicines) and the unlicensed practice's consequences (the Council Act's sanctions; the criminal-and-administrative routes).