2.3 Guiding Principles for Protection of Juvenile

The CRC-and-Beijing canon (the dozen — the system's constitution): The best interests of the child — the paramount consideration (CRC Art. 3); Proportionality and minimum intervention — the least restrictive adequate response; Detention as last resort, for the shortest time (CRC Art. 37(b)); Separation from adults — in custody and process; Privacy and confidentiality — no publicity; the identity's protection; the sealed records; The fair-trial guarantees in child-sized form — the presumption of innocence; notice in understood language; counsel; the parent's presence (CRC Art. 40); Speediness — delay is the child's particular injustice; Diversion's preference — the formal process avoided where possible (the Beijing Rules' core); Participation and voice — the child heard (CRC Art. 12); Reintegration as the aim — the constructive exit; Non-discrimination (the Rules' floor); No cruel punishments; no capital; no life-without-release (CRC Art. 37(a)).