12.2 Coercion (Karkap) / Criminal Use of Force

Definition: karkap — the criminal use of force or coercion: compelling another, by force, threat or intimidation, to do something he is legally entitled not to do, or to abstain from something he is legally entitled to do — the liberty's compelled surrender (the contract-law concept of coercion's penal twin: LAW 307's coercion vitiates the contract; the criminal law's karkap punishes the compeller). The elements: (i) the force, threat or intimidation (the spectrum: the physical violence; the threat of injury to person, property or reputation; the economic intimidation); (ii) the compulsion's target — compelling an act or omission against the victim's legal free choice (the signature extorted; the property surrendered; the witness silenced); (iii) the intent (the purpose to compel); (iv) the causation (the victim's act actually caused by the fear). The doctrinal map: (i) karkap vs. extortion — the obtaining of property by fear (Unit 8's family) vs. the compelling of any act or omission (the broader liberty offence — the extortion is karkap's property-directed species); (ii) karkap vs. duress — duress (Unit 7) is the coerced ACTOR's defence; karkap is the COERCER's offence — the two doctrines facing each other across the threat; (iii) the special statutory heads — the Code's criminal-use-of-force provisions; the hostage-taking and forced-expression heads; the political coercion (the enforced shutdowns — the bandh enforcement…