9.4 Human Trafficking & Transportation

The statute: the Human Trafficking and Transportation (Control and Protection) Act, 2064 (2007) — Nepal's dedicated code, with the National Human Trafficking Control Committees, district mechanisms, victim rehabilitation funds, and the offence's two-headed architecture (the Nepali innovation): Trafficking (bechbikhan — sale/purchase): the transactional form — selling or buying a person, or delivering/accepting a person for sale, for exploitation; Transportation (parivahan): transporting a person out of the country (or within, by deception) for exploitation — reaching the recruiter/transporter who never "sells" anyone but delivers the victim to the exploiter. Exploitation's menu (by principle): prostitution and sexual exploitation; forced or bonded labour; organ extraction; involuntary servitude; the exploitative entertainment trades. The types in practice: the fake-employment ruse (the Gulf/Malaysia/India recruitment trap), the entertainment-sector trafficking (the dance bars and cabin restaurants), the circus-children tradition, the organ-sale cases, the bride-trafficking patterns, the child-begging networks. Aggravations: child victims; the family-member offender (the guardian selling the child); organized rings. The victim-protection architecture: in-camera hearings, confidentiality, rehabilitation and compensation, the non-punishment-of-victim principle.