6.3 Collective Human Rights

The solidarity bundle — the rights held by peoples and groups (the third generation): the right to development (the 1986 UN Declaration: development as an inalienable right — every person and all peoples entitled to participate in, contribute to and enjoy economic, social, cultural and political development; the right-holder and duty-bearer puzzles; the SDGs as the operationalization debate); the right to a healthy environment (no single global treaty — the Stockholm-Rio line; the regional charters; the UNGA's 2022 recognition of the right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment; Nepal's Article 30 — the clean-and-healthy-environment right with compensation); the right to peace (the declaratory tradition); the right to self-determination (6.4 below — the bridge right, first-and-third generation at once); humanitarian assistance and food security faces. The collective rights' jurisprudence: the African Charter's peoples' rights (the Banjul system — Unit 9); the environment-and-development cases (the SERAC line's doctrine). The critique: the duty-bearer indeterminacy (who owes the development? the environment?) — the answer: the states' cooperation duties and the international community's shared responsibility.