8.1 Human Rights Protection under the UN Charter

8.1.1 The Human Rights Council and Its Subsidiary Bodies The Human Rights Council (2006): the GA's subsidiary organ, replacing the Commission on Human Rights (the Commission's politicization-and-abusers' credibility problem the reform's reason). Structure: 47 states elected by the GA on regional-group tickets, three-year terms (the two-consecutive-terms limit); the regular sessions through the year + the special sessions (the crisis response); the Bureau and the mechanisms inherited-and-rebuilt. Functions: the standard-setting; the crisis response; the mandate-holder appointments; the review architecture it owns — the UPR and the special procedures; the membership's credibility debate (the rights- abusers' election problem — the double-edged membership politics). Nepal's engagement: elected member for the 2017-2019 term — the record of service to name. The Universal Periodic Review (UPR): the peer-review of ALL UN member states on a rolling cycle (every four-plus years): the three inputs (the state's self-report + the OHCHR's compilation of the treaty bodies' and special procedures' findings + the stakeholders' submissions — the NGOs' channel); the interactive dialogue in Geneva (the states' questions and recommendations); the outcome (the recommendations: accept or note); the follow-up (the next cycle's starting line). The character (the exam's line): universal (no exceptions — the US and China reviewed like everyone), cooperative (dialogue not judgment), but non-binding — the UPR's power is the reputation's ledger. The Special Procedures: the Council's…