9.3 African System

The continental line: the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1981 (the Banjul Charter) — the peoples' rights' pioneer (the three generations united in one instrument — the collective rights of Unit 6 given a treaty home); the African Commission (the promotional-and- protective mandates; the communications procedure; the special rapporteurs' own family); the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights (the 1998 Protocol; the direct-access problem — individuals need the state's declaration to go directly to the Court); the merger debates (the African Court of Justice and Human Rights' projected union); the specialised treaties (the women's protocol; the child charter; the elderly and disability instruments). The jurisprudence to name: the SERAC case (the social-and-economic rights and the environment joined — the Ogoni destruction; the minimum-core's African face). The system's reality: the resources-and- compliance gaps against the doctrine's richness.