Write short notes on (a) land encroachment

The guthi — the religious and social endowment institution — carried into the Code's trust provisions: property dedicated for religious, charitable or social purposes, held by the guthiyar (the manager/trustee) for the endowment's purposes. The Code's architecture (by principle): the trust's creation and registration; the trustee's duties (loyalty, prudence, accounting); the trust property's separateness (not the trustee's own); the beneficiary's/purpose's protection; the public- trust oversight — beside the Guthi Corporation Act 2033's regime for the sanjhya (public) guthis (U6.2). The critical study: the guthi-land administration's chronic ills (encroachment, the manager's self-dealing, the records' decay); the 2019 guthi-land controversy (the government's attempted legislation withdrawn after protest) as the live illustration of the design tension — centralized management vs. the local religious community's autonomy.