— the Limbu (and allied) communities' land held by the thibari collectives: land inalienable to outsiders, self-governed, the community's autonomy embodied in land. Its fate: progressively eroded (the state's registrations and the Land Act 2021's conversion) into raikar — the extinction of the last communal tenure, remembered as both administrative unification and cultural dispossession (the indigeneity debates' land-history chapter).
5.4 Kipat (communal land ownership): the communal lineage tenure of the eastern hills
यो उत्तर युनिट 5 मा छ — सुरुवात निःशुल्क, पूरा उत्तर प्याकेजमा।
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यहीँबाट पूरा उत्तर
यो उत्तर — the Limbu (and allied) communities'… … बाट अगाडि बाँकी छ। प्याकेज सक्रिय गरेपछि यही पेजमै पूरा पढ्न पाइन्छ — PDF छैन, अनलाइनमा मात्र।
- रु. ३०० · ३० दिन · एउटा प्याकेज
- हरेक विषयको पहिलो युनिट निःशुल्क
- फोनमै पढ्ने, बुकमार्क राख्ने
पहिले निःशुल्क युनिट पढेर हेर्नुहोस् — नहेरी किन्नु पर्दैन।
यही युनिटका अरू उत्तर
- 5.1 Birta (privileged land ownership): tax-free grants of land to individuals — the royal and
- Explain the traditional land tenure systems of Nepal, with each tenure's nature and fate.
- (15) What was birta?
- Discuss its abolition and significance as the first land reform.
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