Define intellectual property and explain its recognition as property under the Constitution of Nepal.

Intellectual property (IP) — the law's protection of the products of the mind: creations (copyright), inventions (patent), signs of trade (trademark), ornamentation (industrial design), confidential commercial information (trade secrets) and accumulated business reputation (goodwill). Its philosophical basis: the labour/incentive theories of property (U1) — granting temporary exclusivity to reward creation and incentivize disclosure, balanced against the public domain's growth. The constitutional footing (the link to memorize): the Explanation to Article 25 defines "property" to include intellectual property — IP as property: ownable, transferable, constitutionally positioned. The international frame: the WIPO system and the TRIPS Agreement (WTO — Nepal a member since 23 April 2004; TRIPS' minimum standards binding: national treatment, the rights' floors, the enforcement obligations); Nepal is a WIPO member, though it has not acceded to the Paris and Berne Conventions — its international protection resting on TRIPS and reciprocity.