3.3 The Investigation and Its Papers (the context)

The police investigate under the Muluki Criminal Procedure Code, 2074 — the file containing the FIR, the arrest record, the witnesses' statements, the seizure list (the recovered property's inventory), the medical/forensic reports where relevant, and the accused's statement. The arrested person's constitutional shields (the drafting and advocacy context — Article 20 of the Constitution): the grounds of arrest to be told (20(1)); the counsel of choice from the moment of arrest (20(2)); production before the judicial authority within 24 hours excluding journey time (20(3)); the presumption of innocence (20(5)); the protection against self- incrimination (20(7)); and no torture in detention (Article 22's guarantee). The defence-drafter's first paper is often built on these shields' breach.