1.2 ILO, its Origin and its Core Labour Standards

The origin: the 1919 Treaty of Versailles' Part XIII (the social-justice-as-peace thesis — "poverty anywhere constitutes a danger to prosperity everywhere"); the 1946 specialised-agency status; the 1969 Nobel Peace Prize. The tripartite uniqueness: the governments-workers- employers' equal seats (the only tripartite UN body): the International Labour Conference (the annual assembly — the standards' adoption), the Governing Body (the executive), the International Labour Office (the secretariat). The functions: the standard-setting (the conventions-and-recommendations), the supervision (the reports-and-comments machinery), the technical cooperation, the research. The core labour standards (the 1998 Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work — the obligations even unratified; the 2022 additions): The freedom of association and collective bargaining: C87 (1948) + C98 (1949); The forced-labour elimination: C29 (1930) + C105 (1957); The child-labour elimination: C138 (1973) + C182 (1999); The non-discrimination: C100 (1951) + C111 (1958); The 2022 additions: the OSH pair (C155 + C187 — the occupational safety's fundamental status). The Nepal record: the majority ratified — including C98 (1996), C100, C111, C138, C182 — but not C87 (the gap the syllabus debates: the public servants' association restrictions).