Discuss (b) collective agreement

The industrial dispute = the disagreement between the employer and the workers (individual or collective) over the employment's terms or the rights' enforcement — the disputes' law's subject. The two classes: The individual grievance: the single worker's complaint — the wage's non-payment, the benefit's denial, the discipline's unfairness (the termination's individual challenge); the machinery: the grievance-handling procedure (the in-house ladder — the supervisor → the department head → the works committee/grievance committee); the labour office's individual conciliation; the Labour Court's individual claim (the dismissed worker's reinstatement suit); The collective grievance: the workers'-as-a-body complaint — the agreement's interpretation, the retrenchment's challenge, the working conditions' dispute; the machinery: the collective bargaining route (the union as the vehicle); the collective conciliation; the industrial action's shadow (the strike-and-lockout's disciplines below). The dispute's prevention (the modern emphasis): the works-and-consultation mechanisms (the in-house committees); the collective agreement's peace-term (the agreement's duration as the no-strike period); the labour office's oversight; the welfare-and-communication culture.