Adult franchise = the vote for every adult citizen — without the property, the literacy, the tax, the sex, or the community tests (the history's successive removals: the property franchises → the manhood suffrage → the women's suffrage → the universal adult suffrage). The journey's milestones: the 19th-20th centuries' extensions; Nepal's own ladder — the 1948 Act's restricted franchise (the elite's few), the 1951 promise, the first adult-franchise election of 2015 B.S.
(1959), the partyless era's curtailed competition, and the 1990 restoration's universal franchise (the Constitution's every-adult-citizen vote, continued in the 2015 Constitution). The adult franchise's constitutional meaning: the equality's master-instance (the rich-and-poor, the lettered-and-unlettered, the high-and-low castes — the same single vote each: the political equality the social order denies, the ballot affirms).