Proportional, Mixed The direct and the indirect: the direct systems (the voters themselves choose — Nepal's HoR, provincial and local elections); the indirect (the chosen choosers — Nepal's National Assembly by the provincial electoral college; the President and Vice-President by the federal parliament's-and-provincial assemblies' college; the comparative presidential colleges).
The family tree's three branches (Nepal uses all three faces): The majority/plurality family: the First Past the Post (FPTP) — the constituency's single seat to the most votes (the plurality, not the majority): simple, the constituency-link, the two- party tendency (Duverger's Law); the vices: the disproportionality, the wasted votes, the gerrymander's invitation; the two-round (runoff) majority — the 50% bar with the second round (the comparative face); The proportional representation (PR) family: the seats in proportion to the votes — the party lists (the closed list: the party's fixed rank — Nepal's design; the open list: the voters' candidate-choice), the allocation mathematics (the divisor formulas — the d'Hondt and Sainte- Lague families; the thresholds); the virtues: the proportionality, the inclusion's engine (the lists engineered for the women, Dalits, minorities); the vices: the fragmentation, the party- oligarchy, the constituency-link's loss; The mixed systems: the FPTP + PR combinations — the parallel (the two halves run side by side — Nepal's design: 165 FPTP + 110 PR = 275 HoR) vs. the compensatory/mixed- member proportional (the PR tops up the FPTP's disproportion — the German face); the provincial assemblies' mirrored 60/40 design; the mixed system's rationale (the constituency's representativeness + the proportionality's inclusiveness — Nepal's constitutional compromise).