2.5 The Common Machinery: Voters, Registration, Delimitation,

Voting, By-elections The qualification of voters: the Nepali citizen; 18 years on the qualifying date; the registration in the roll of the residence's constituency (the universal adult franchise of Unit 1.5). The registration of voters: the Election Commission's roll (the constitutional duty) — the biometric registration (the fingerprint-and-photo; the voter ID); the continuous updating with the annual-and-election-window intensives; the claims-and-objections procedure (the roll's due process — the errors' correction, the objections' hearing, the final publication); the roll's honest problems: the migrant workers' unregistered absence, the citizenship-document barriers, the duplicates-and-the-dead (the hygiene's duty). The delimitation of constituencies: the Constituency Delimitation Commission (the constitutional machinery — Article 286's family: the commission's appointment before each election cycle; the population-and-geography-and- community factors' balancing; the report's implementation); the districts' constituencies' mapping (the 165's distribution; the equal-population's approximation with the geography's-and-transport's accommodations); the gerrymander's prevention (the independent commission's rationale — Unit 1.6's stakes). The voting process: the polling day's discipline (the holiday's quiet; the security); the polling station's machinery (the presiding officer's station — Unit 3's hierarchy); the ballot's casting (the identity's verification; the ballot's issue; the booth's secrecy; the box — or the voting machine's faces with the paper trail); the assisted voting (the disabled-and- elderly's assistance); the tendered-and-challenged votes' edge cases; the closing-and-sealing (the boxes' custody chain — the counting's integrity). The by-elections: the…