1.3 Civil Aviation Legislations in Nepal

The statute's stack: the Civil Aviation Act 2053 (1996) — the consolidating framework: the CAAN's establishment-and-powers (the Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal: the licensing, the airworthiness, the airspace's control, the aerodromes, the investigation faces), the offences-and- penalties (the unlawful acts — the hijacking-and-sabotage faces domesticated), the aircraft registration (the "9N" marks — the nationality's register); the Nepal Airlines Act 2019 (1963) — the national carrier's statute; the supporting instruments (the syllabus's own list): the Aviation Security (Management) Rules 2046; the Civil Aviation Regulations 1996/2002; the Airport Certificate Regulation 2061; the Airport Charges Rules 2058; the Accident Investigation Regulation 2071; the Aviation Policies 2050/2063. The institutional design's debate: the regulator-and-operator's split (the CAAN's twin roles — the reform agenda), and the investigation's independence.