1.5 Air Service Agreements

The ASA = the bilateral treaty exchanging the traffic rights (the Chicago Article 6's consent requirement made contractual — no scheduled international flight without the states' agreement). The anatomy: the routes-and-points (the designated airlines' cities); the capacity-and- frequency; the freedoms granted — the first-two (the overflight-and-technical stops), the third-fourth (the home traffic's carriage), the fifth (the beyond-rights — the intermediate-and- beyond points), the sixth (the hub's behind-traffic), the terminology the exam loves; the tariff clauses (the double-disapproval faces); the designation-and-authorisation (the flag carriers' licensing); the safety-and-security clauses (the revocation faces); the dispute settlement (the negotiation-arbitration ladder). Nepal's ASA world: the ~40-agreement wardrobe — the neighbours-and-Gulf core: India (the historic revisions — the points-and-capacity politics; the sixth-freedom flows), the Gulf states (the labour traffic's arteries), China (the Himalayan routes' opening), the ASEAN faces (the single-market's protocols); the policy's debate — the liberalisation-for-tourism (the open-skies' calls) vs. the flag's protection; the air-bubble era (the COVID's temporary regimes).