1.6 Environmental Aspects of Civil Aviation

The aviation's environmental ledger: (i) the climate face — the CO2's share (the ~2-3% of the global emissions; the growth's trajectory); the CORSIA regime (the ICAO's Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme — the offsetting's phase-in: the pilot-first-then-mandatory phases for the international flights' net-growth); the SAF (the sustainable aviation fuels' scaling) and the net- zero-2050 commitments; (ii) the noise (the aircraft's certification standards — the Chapter-faces; the airports' noise-and-land-use disciplines); (iii) the local air quality (the NOx-and-particulates around the aerodromes); (iv) the market-based-measures' debates (the EU's inclusion-and-the extraterritoriality quarrels). Nepal's face: the Himalayan routes' emissions; the mountain airports' environment; the tourism's yield-vs-carbon question.