(1) The liberalisation's march — the open-skies-and-single-markets (the EU's cabotage; the ASEAN's protocols) vs. the ownership-and-control caps' persistence; (2) the safety's oversight era — the USAP audits, the Significant Safety Concerns' machinery (Nepal's own history — the EU ban's story); (3) the security's new threats — the cyber-and-navigation vulnerabilities, the insider threats, the drones' interference; (4) the liability's modernisation — the Montreal's global reach; the consumer-protection floors; (5) the technology's law — the EVM-and-biometric borders' cousin faces, the satellite-broadband (Starlink's licensing questions), the urban-air- mobility's arrival; (6) the pandemic's governance — the public-health-and-aviation interface; (7) the space law's commercial turn — the mega-constellations, the resources' debate, the space tourism (Unit 7's frontier). Exam Focus Long questions: (i) The meaning-scope-sources (with the SARPs' quasi-legislative point); (ii) Nepal's civil aviation legislation (the Act 2053's stack) + the treaty wardrobe; (iii) The air service agreements — the anatomy + Nepal's ASA world; (iv) The environmental aspects (CORSIA-and-noise with the numbers known by name).
Short questions: the third-fourth-fifth freedoms; the "9N" registration; CORSIA; the Treaty Act's domestication. Trick areas: (i) The SARPs bind through the Chicago machinery — the state's difference- filing duty (not a free opt-out); (ii) Nepal is Warsaw-Hague party — the Montreal 1999 accession approved but its completion status must be stated carefully (never overclaim); (iii) The ASA is BILATERAL (the Chicago's Article 6 consent) — the "five freedoms" are treaty shorthand, not general law; (iv) CORSIA offsets the GROWTH, not the total emissions — the design's precision.