Discuss (b) fifth jurisdiction

The road to Montreal (the liability ladder — the context the exam expects): The Warsaw Convention 1929: the carriage's document, and the liability's core — the presumed-fault liability with low caps (the passenger's death-or-injury limited to the 125,000-Poincare-francs era — roughly USD 10,000: the inflation's scandal of the later decades); the defences (the all-necessary-measures; the contributory negligence); the ticket's formalism (the missing-particulars' unlimited-liability penalty); The Hague Protocol 1955: the cap doubled (~USD 20,000 face); the documentation's softening; the protocol world's split (the two camps — the US's dissatisfaction the engine of the next steps); The Montreal Agreement 1966 (the US's special-contract answer: the USD 75,000 cap with the absolute-liability zone on the US routes); the Guatemala City Protocol 1971 (the absolute-liability rebuild — never in force: the 1999 template); the 1975 Protocols (the SDR's introduction; Protocol No. 4's cargo regime); the IATA Inter-Carrier Agreements 1995-97 (the carriers' voluntary waiver of the caps — the private ordering's bridge); The Montreal Convention 1999 — the consolidation's triumph: the Warsaw system's replacement (the one-convention world). The Montreal 1999's regime (the exam's anatomy): The two-tier passenger liability: (i) the strict-liability tier to SDR 100,000 (the current- revision figure: SDR 113,100 after the periodic reviews — no defence below: the absolute zone); (ii) the rebuttable-presumption tier above (the carrier's all-necessary-measures defence's narrow return — the…