5.2 The Tokyo Convention, 1963

The first pillar — the offences committed on board (the jurisdiction's foundation): The flag state's jurisdiction over the offences aboard the aircraft in flight (the commander's authority: the reasonable measures' powers — the restraint, the disembarkation, the delivery to the authorities); The protective jurisdiction's modest recognition (the landing state's limited powers over the foreign aircraft's affairs); The hijacking article (Article 11): the duty to restore the aircraft's control to the lawful commander and the passengers'-and-crew's return — the obligation without the offence's definition-or-the extradition's compulsion — the gap the Hague Convention would fill.