Explain the constitutional framework for environmental protection in Nepal.

The ladder: (1) the customary era — the communities' practices (the sacred groves — the devari and guthi forests; the waters' reverence; the user groups' rules); (2) the state's first steps — the forests' nationalisation (the 1950s — the private forests' abolition: the conservation's paradox — the tenure's insecurity's degradation); the national parks' birth (the NPWC Act 2029/1973 — Chitwan and the Himalayan parks); (3) the planning era — the plans' environment chapters; the National Conservation Strategy (1988); the EPA 2053 (1997) — the first comprehensive statute (the EIA's birth, the pollution control); (4) the constitutional era — the 1990 Constitution's Art 12 jurisprudence (the Godavari case's reading — Unit 6.1) → the 2015 Constitution's robust catalogue; (5) the modern era — the EPA 2076 (2019) — the second-generation statute (the climate's inclusion; the polluter-pays instruments; the Padam Bahadur Shrestha case's direct aftermath); the Forest Act 2076; the climate policies-and-NDC; the federal redistribution.