Explain temporary protection and subsidiary protection with their distinctions.

The concept: the time-limited refuge granted in the mass-influx emergencies — the individual- RSD's suspension (the processing's impossibility) and the group-based protection's application; the prima facie recognition's administrative sibling. The elements: the immediate admission; the non-refoulement's application; the basic rights' package (the humane-reception floor — the shelter-health-safety); the temporary character (the end-trigger: the origin-situation's improvement — the return-conditions' restoration). The practice: the European 1990s face (the Yugoslav wars' temporary protection — the EU's formalisation; the 2001 Directive's codification); the Ukrainian-displacement era (the 2022 EU temporary-protection directive's activation — the mass-flight's modern textbook). The critiques: the permanent-temporariness problem (the years- long "temporary" stays — the rights' thinness justified by the emergency's fiction); the returns' pressure (the end-determination's politics). The interplay: the temporary protection as the bridge-to-solutions (the RSD's resumption; the durable solutions' transition — Unit 8.1's faces).