Discuss (d) penology's meaning

The definition's craft: criminology = the scientific study of crime, the criminal, and the society's reaction — the three faces (the crime's making, the criminal's making, the response's making). The classic glosses: Sutherland's trio — criminology as the study of (i) the law-making (the criminal law's processes), (ii) the law-breaking (the aetiology — the causes), and (iii) the reaction-to- breaking (the enforcement-and-penology) — the exam's standard answer. The nature: a social science (the human behaviour's study) but an interdisciplinary one — the sociology, psychology, psychiatry, biology, economics, statistics, and law's contributions; an empirical discipline (the data's discipline: the rates, the surveys, the victimology) beside the normative (the law's definitions — the crime as the legal category); a dynamic study (the crime-and-response's historical change — the definitional relativity: what is crime changes across time-and-place). The scope (the exam's list): (i) the crime's aetiology (the causation's study — Unit 3); (ii) the criminal's study (the typologies, the careers, the recidivism); (iii) the victim's study (the victimology — the victim's role-and-rights); (iv) the criminal law's study (the definitions-and- reforms); (v) the penology (the punishment-and-treatment — Unit 4-6's world); (vi) the criminal justice system (the police-courts-corrections' machinery); (vii) the prevention (the crime-control strategies). The boundary discipline: crime vs. deviance (the legal line vs. the normative breach); the criminology vs. the criminal law (the "is" science vs. the "ought" norm — the natural- law-positivism's echo in the penal field).