Discuss (b) differential association

The thesis: the crime as the demon's work — the offender possessed by the evil spirit, the devil's agent; the explanations: the supernatural causation (the demonic possession, the witchcraft, the sin). The response's logic: the exorcism, the ordeal, the torture, the cruel punishments (the fire, the rack) — the body's punishment to expel the spirit. The era's character: the pre-scientific penality (the 18th-century's before); the free-will's absence (the human as the supernatural forces' playground); the punishment's arbitrariness (the savage-and- unequal penalties). The historical lesson: the criminology's pre-history — the science's "before" picture against which the classical school's revolution is measured.