1.1 Concept, Meaning and Kinds of Justice

Justice = the fair treatment's ideal — the giving-to-each-their-due (the classic formula); the society's first virtue (the social institutions' proper arrangement). The kinds (the exam's list): Distributive justice — the benefits-and-burdens' fair allocation (the resources, the opportunities, the wealth — the economic face); Corrective justice — the wrongs' rectification (the private law's compensation; the harm's repair); Procedural justice — the process's fairness (the fair hearing, the impartial tribunal, the natural justice — the means' justice); Social justice — the structure's justice (the equality of status-and-opportunity; the disadvantages' correction — the constitutional directive principles' world); Economic-and-political justice — the constitutions' classic triad (the resources'-and-power's fair access); Restorative justice — the relationship's repair (the victim-offender-community's reconciliation — LAW 412's face); Substantive vs formal justice — the outcomes' fairness vs the rules' consistent application (the critical pair for this course: the formally-equal rule's substantively-unequal effect — the discrimination's craft). The justice-law relation: the law as justice's vehicle (and sometimes its obstacle — the unjust-law problem; the constitutional review's answer).