3.3 Protection of Policyholders

The protection's architecture (the exam's list): (i) the licensing's gate (the fit-and-proper insurers only — the entry's filter); (ii) the solvency supervision (the capital-and-reserve requirements; the investment's prudential limits; the actuarial-and-valuation discipline); (iii) the product control (the standard-policy forms' approval — the unfair-terms' pre-screening); (iv) the premium's regulation (the tariff-and-rate faces; the premium's trust account); (v) the claims' discipline (the claim-settlement's timelines — the regulator's service standards; the claim's repudiation's controls); (vi) the grievance machinery (the complaints' hearing — the regulator's- and-the-consumer-forum's routes; the insurance-ombudsman faces); (vii) the policyholders' fund-type protections (the insolvent-insurer scenarios — the guarantee-fund faces); (viii) the disclosure's duty (the insurer's fair-treatment codes; the illustration-and-surrender-value disciplines in life). The Nepali faces: the Beema Samiti's-and-Authority's policyholder functions; the Consumer Protection Act 2075's application; the court-and-forum practice (the claims' litigation — the consumer-orientation's judicial trend).