4.4 Shah Period

4.4.1 Ram Shah's Judicial Reforms (the 17th century): the Gorkha king's Thiti (the code- before-the-codification: the justice maxims-and-rules); the famed tradition — "if justice is denied, go to Gorkha" (nyaya chahane Gorkha jaanu) — the accessible-justice's popular legitimacy; the reforms' craft: the fixed-procedure, the public hearing, the officials' accountability — the justice-oriented king's archetype. 4.4.2 Prithvi Narayan Shah's Judicial Reforms (1769-): the unification's law: the absorbed principalities' customary plurality respected (the local laws' continuation policy — "the win by the sword does not change the people's law" tradition); the sanads-and-lalmohars (the royal decrees-and-letters — the administrative law's instruments); the centralisation's-and-plurality's balance; the Divya Upadesh (the counsel testament — the statecraft's-and-governance's craft). 4.4.3 The Muluki Ain 1910 B.S. (1854) — THE codification: the subcontinent's first unified national code (the one-text-for-all revolution — the pre-Ain's case-by-case royal justice replaced by the rule-book); the structure (the land, the courts- and-procedure, the debt, the caste-and-status, the family, the crime chapters); the character (the caste-stratified law — the hierarchy's codification: the era's honest audit; yet the uniformity's progressive face — the same book for all the castes' governance); the amendments' line (the 1854-to-1963 evolution — the gradual reform era). 4.4.4 The Rana Period (1846-1951): the judicial administration: the palace tribunals — the kosh, janch, kausi addas (the state's courts hierarchy); the civil-and-criminal beginnings (faujdari and…