4.4 Harmonious Construction and Construction to Avoid Collision

The harmonious craft: the provisions' reconciliation — the apparently-conflicting clauses read so that BOTH survive (the no-provision-redundant doctrine: the statute's parts given effect together); the method: the conflict's identification → the reconciliation's construction (the one-provision's qualification reading; the exception's-and-special's hierarchy (the specialia-generalibus principle — the special over the general)); the consequences of the failure (the irreconcilable conflict → the latter-and-specific's supremacy (the repeal's implication)). The collision-avoidance's wider field: the statute-vs-statute collisions (the intra-legislation harmony + the inter-Act reconciliation: the later-special-vs-the earlier-general craft); the statute-vs-constitution collision (the constitutionality-presumption's craft — Unit 6.2: the statute saved by the reading); the statute-vs- treaty collision (the treaty-consistent reading — Unit 3.2.3); the ut res magis valeat's kinship (the validity-preserving pair — Unit 2.1.4). The Nepal practice: the courts' harmonising discipline (the constitutional-and-statutory reconciliations — the PIL era's craft; the 2074 codes' transitional harmonisation (the old-Ain case-law-and-the-new-codes' reconciliation)).