3.2 History of Nepalese Legal Profession

Before 2013 B.S.: the pre-modern scene — dharma and the king's justice; no organised bar; petitioners unrepresented before the Muluki Ain-era courts; a few India- and abroad-educated pioneers at the Rana era's edges; the profession's pre-history (law existed, the profession not yet). 2013–2025 B.S. (1956/57–1968/69): the watershed — democracy's dawn (1951) germinates the profession; the Nepal Bar Association established 21 December 1956 (2013 B.S.) (the verified date); informal at first, formally registered 1963 (2020 B.S.) under the National Guidance Act 1961; licensing still the courts' own; the transitional generation. 2025–2050 B.S. (1968/69– 1993/94): the first statute — the Legal Practitioners Act 2025 B.S. (1968) (pleaders and advocates, the licences categorised); the Supreme Court's oversight of enrolment and discipline (the judiciary as regulator in the pre-Council design); the NBA's growth (district bars spreading; the 1990 movement forging the bar's political conscience); the 1990 Constitution transforming the profession's constitutional context. 2050 B.S. onwards (1993– ): the Nepal Bar Council Act 2050 B.S. (1993) — the independent regulator born (3.6's full treatment); the division of labour settled: the NBC regulates (licensing, exams, discipline), the NBA associates (welfare, advocacy, independence's guardian) — the two-institutions-one-profession comparative; the 2015 Constitution's advanced frame (the writ and PIL arena widened); legal education's growth (the LL.B. and B.A.LL.B. generation — this course's own students as the pipeline); globalisation's faces…